Finished the book I was reading, it was kind of surprising that it wasn´t a book from Spain and that it was written in the 80s.
The conclusions of the author are incredibly interesting, it even does a little analysis of some articles of the Soviet Union Constitution, which actually explained a question I had about how property would work on a socialist/communist system, in summary property still exists but its relegated to only "consumable" goods and private property of non-agriculture terrain.
It also kind of gave perspective of why the "red scare" happened in the US, the author gives a little of his views on the political climate at that time and he pretty much concludes that the Soviet Union was not showing any weakness, that it seemed that they were on the way to become the first economic power in the world, while the US seemed to be on decline because of JFK, MLK assassinations and the Watergate scandal, though he casts doubts on his own preditcions since the Soviet Union didn´t really have much public data (while the US did have it) and food scarcity was a known problem they had.
The last paragraph was the author warning about climate change with the author concluding that "world leaders seem to be taking fatalistic suicidal stance" on that topic, which gave me a little bit of dread not gonna lie, seeing as the book was written in the 80s.
Though I understand that the book was a summary of each ideology, so inevitably some nuance of each ideology would be lost, the author kind of foreshadowed through the whole book communism (to give a bit of context, this is the first time I was reading a political book to try to understand political ideology in general, so I was completely spoiler free [the idea of using the term "spoiler free" referring to being ignorant of history is really funny to me] on the history of most political ideologies), and couldn´t understand how a "dictactorship of the proletariat" could be a good idea of transition of power, like first what would guarantee a dictatorship to actually follow through on that, and second I was perplexed at unironically using a ditatorship as a "good" thing for the transition of power.
So, when the communist chapter arrived (it was the fourth to last chapter of the book), the history of it kind of showed my suspitions on that (using dictatorship for transition), being sadly mostly right, while the author mentioned the positive aspects of that regime (Erradication of analphabetism, education) the negative aspects were cruel, the author implies that company bosses were given a quota and that if they didn´t accomplish them they were "liquidated", that since the one party system was the representation of the proletariat, people that didn´t agree with it were put in asylums since "if you didn´t agree with them you must must have something wrong in the head".
Though honestly the history of capitalism and liberalism was incredibly disturbing, the author explained how some people literally lived in mines, didn´t see the sun for most of their lives to the point that if they saw the sun the damaged their eyes badly, and how the "law" of "offer and demand" is incredibly flawed, to the point that the author explains that the Adam Smith book was mostly a criticism of capitalism, but it seems it was used to make things worse.
Since I studied law, I can´t help but see all of this through that lense, and honestly the discovery that democracy is a political ideology by itself (I honestly didn´t see that because as the book also explains, liberalism was introduced using democracy, so I have always had the confusion between those two), was kind of a revelation, for most of the book I honestly couldn´t see how any of the ideologies could actually work from a law perspective.
It wasn´t until the third to last chapter that critical socialism / reformist socialism / democratic socialism, was introduced that an ideology kind of made sense, though it also has a lot of flaws.
Demo-socialism is kind of a middle ground, according to the book it doesn´t see itself as a mid-state between capitalism and communism, but as its own thing, it rejects the conclusions of marxism (economic determinism) and pretty much says that people can change stuff because (this quote made me laugh a lot) "after all, mankind has a head" ("despues de todo, los hombres tienen cabeza"), though because of its flaws it also kind of led to the rise of nazism in Germany, so yeah that is also rough.
History as shown by this book was really depressing.
So yeah, I have been looking for more books that study political ideology, I am novice on this stuff.
TLDR: sorry for the long post.